播种期对晚季香稻香气2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量和产量的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 播种期对晚季香稻香气2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉含量和产量的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201305211129 作者: 作者单位: 华南农业大学农学院,华南农业大学农学院,华南农业大学农学院,华南农业大学农学院,华南农业大学农学院,华南农业大学农学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31271646）；广东省自然科学基金项目（8151064201000017）；广东省农业攻关项目（2011AO20202001）；广东省农业标准化项目（4100F10003） Effects of sowing date on 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content and yield of late season aromatic rice Author: Affiliation: College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了确定华南双季稻区晚季香稻的适宜播种期，在大田条件下以桂香占和农香18为材料，研究了播种期对香稻香气2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉（2-AP）、脯氨酸代谢酶活性和产量的影响。结果表明：（1）7月20日播种的香稻的2-AP含量最高，2-AP含量较高的播期其游离脯氨酸含量、籽粒脯氨酸氧化酶活性以及脯氨酸脱氢酶活性维持在较高水平。（2）7月15日播种的桂香占和7月20日播种的农香18的产量最高，产量较高的播期具有较高的收获指数、干物质积累量和群体生长率。（3）试验条件下晚季香稻的适宜播种期为7月15日-7月20日。 Abstract:Aromatic rice, a famous rice type with high nutritional value and a distinct aroma, has been planted in South and Southeast Asian countries since ancient times. Recently, it has gained in popularity and gained a significant market share in the global rice trade resulting in higher prices and increased production in many countries. However, in China, a minimal area has been planted with aromatic rice because of its low resistance to disease, low yield and other disadvantages of the aromatic rice cultivars. As the standard of living has improved, China has begun to focus on the production of quality food, so researchers have started to pay more attention to aromatic rice and have bred some aromatic rice cultivars. However, finding ways to increase the concentration of the aroma of aromatic rice has proved challenging based on the low yield and poor quality of existing cultivars. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a buttered-popcorn-like aromatic compound found in both basmati and jasmine aromatic rice, and is considered a primary aromatic component of aromatic rice; this highly volatile and lipophilic compound occurs in the stems, leaves and grains of aromatic rice. L-proline is widely considered to be the nitrogen source for 2-AP and Δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C) and has been proposed as one of the main precursors required for 2-AP synthesis. P5C is the common intermediate in the metabolic pathways of proline, ornithine and glutamic acid synthesis. Among these three pathways, the proline pathway is the major pathway used for the synthesis of 2-AP, in which proline to P5C is mediated by proline dehydrogenase, which is then used to synthetize 2-AP. Genetic factors play a major role in determining the aroma content of aromatic rice, and environmental factors and cultivation practices have a substantial effect on the quality of aromatic rice. The aroma of aromatic rice can be increased using low-density cultivation techniques, shallow irrigation, low levels of nitrogen, and moderate use of trace element fertilizers containing elements such as zinc, iron and lanthanum. However, unsuitable post-harvest conditions and some plant growth regulators can reduce the 2-AP content in aromatic rice considerably. Using better packaging materials, such as vacuum packing in nylon pouches, can retard volatilization of the aromatic compounds in aromatic rice. Temperature during grain filling, ripening and storage also plays an important role in the development of the aroma of aromatic rice; lower temperature, especially at night, has positive effects on aroma formation during the grain filling and ripening stages compared with higher temperature. Additionally, 2-AP content declines over time and is significantly affected by the temperature during storage. The sowing date affects proline and 2-AP content in aromatic rice as a result of variations in light and temperature conditions. Hence, a field experiment was carried out using Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang18 cultivars to determine an appropriate sowing date for late season aromatic rice in South China's double-cropping region and to study the effects of different sowing dates on aroma (2-AP), activities of proline metabolic enzymes and yield. The results show (1) Aromatic rice sown on 20 July achieved the highest 2-AP content. Treatments having higher 2-AP content also had a higher free proline content, higher proline oxidase activities in grain and higher levels of proline dehydrogenase. (2) Guixiangzhan sown on 15 July and Nongxiang18 sown on 20 July achieved the highest grain yield, and both had a high harvest index, high levels of dry matter accumulation and rapid crop growth rates. (3) The appropriate late season sowing date for aromatic rice was between 15 July and 20 July. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献