Abstract
A plane wave expansion method (PWEM) was applied for photonic band structure calculation. We examined zero group velocity modes in photonic crystal. The zero group velocity modes were obtained at the second band along F-K direction. We expanded higher order Brillouin zone (BZ) to find the locations of zero group velocity modes and to investicate their properties. We found twelve locations, inside the first Brillouin zone, where the group velocities became zero. Also, we calculated band structure and group velocity in off-plane configuration.
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