1st International Conference on Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Rural Development (ICANaRD) 2021

International Conference on Ecosystem, Biotechnology agriculture and Environmental Science We are very happy to bring you the proceedings of the first International Conference on Ecosystem, Biotechnology agriculture and Environmental Science conjunction with International Conference on Agriculture and Environmental Science. This conference is intended to maintain knowledge exchange on policy support that allows for improving resource management for agricultural competitiveness towards progressive, self-reliance, and modern agriculture. The conference was held virtually, hosted by the Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi and UPN “VETERAN” JAWA TIMUR.Agriculture and rural sector remain to be major economic drivers at which agricultural producers and rural economies need to be supported through appropriate policies. Policy support should allow a fair agricultural product competitiveness, both for local markets and for global trade. With all challenges faced by stakeholders in rural areas, the availability of resources needs to be inclusively managed to meet the right balance between economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability. High recognition on this condition would lead to key elements as foundation to recreate appropriate policy, institutional role, and financial support to promote agricultural resource competitiveness for sustainable and inclusive development of rural sector.With expressing experiences and analyses from different angles, various sound policy recommendation in respect to the conference theme have been drawn for the interest of all concerned. The outbreak of coronavirus since 2020 has been vastly scattered and extremely influence almost all aspects of human life. Agricultural sector has also been affected with quite large of disadvantages. Concern on the current health situation and its impact in agricultural sector, the influence of pandemic COVID-19 has also been raised in any of the topics of this conference. Its impact on efforts to accelerate improvement of agricultural competitiveness would be valuable in addressing agricultural sustainability.Holding a conference during the COVID-19 pandemic requires a series of hard work to bring the most advanced technology at all stages of the conference. The International Conference on Ecosystem, Biotechnology agriculture and Environmental Science event is virtually implemented with a model that all invited speakers are given time to present their material for about 30-40 minutes each. It then followed by a question and answer by the participants with a direct questioning system, and through chat feature with Q&A forums provided by the zoom application. Moreover, the presentations were organized through recorded materials followed by live Q&A along with chat feature of the virtual meeting.We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all Science Committee members who come from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, as well as authors who contribute significant thoughts and ideas through the papers written in collaboration with respective counterparts not only from Indonesia but also from different countries, such as those from Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and USA.We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from it. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event in the future. Editors Robbi Rahim Host Organizer Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan TinggiUPN Veteran Jawa Timur

Veterinary RecordVolume 143, Issue 21 p. 592-593 Short Communication Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from milk from dairy cows in Israel M. Chaffer, M. Chaffer National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary...

This paper addresses the question of distribution of support from the EU budget and the national budget to agricultural holders in Mazovia region in comparison with Poland as a whole. In the first main section, the characteristics of the agricultural sector in the region, using main sectoral indicators, is presented. The second section illustrates the agricultural and rural support under the Rural Development Program and the Sectoral Operational Program “Restructuring and modernization of agriculture and rural development” provided to Mazovian beneficiaries with reference to this support at whole country level. Empirical analyses are based on Eurostat statistics as well as on data obtained from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Results of the study show that the Mazovian province, which is a region that can be placed in front of agricultural development, was awarded over the period 2004-2007 a relatively high level of support and ranked first or second among all 16 provinces according to selected measures

Agriculture provides the main support for Zambia’s rural economy, and because of this, growth in the agricultural sector is the clearest avenue through which poverty reduction can be achieved in Zambia. Yet despite widespread recognition of the strong connection between agricultural development and poverty reduction, there is continuing under-provision of public goods investments for over a decade. Zambia’s primary policy objective of achieving accelerated growth and competitiveness in the agricultural sector cannot be achieved unless adequate public resources are committed towards catalyzing the desired growth. Strong evidence from southern Africa as well as throughout the world indicates that long–term public investment in research and development, extension services, rural infrastructure, and food safety and quality systems have high pay-offs and are among the most important drivers of agricultural growth and competitiveness. Agricultural-led development has been identified by African Heads of State and Governments as key to restoration of food security and rural development on our continent. Under the African Union’s Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP) framework, Zambia, like many other members of the union, has targeted to achieve a minimum of 6% annual agricultural growth by making available 10% of the national budget towards the sector. In Zambia, it is important not only to increase the resource allocation to the sector in accordance with the CAADP target of 10%, but to allocate these resources productively so as to make the maximum contribution to sustainable growth within the shortest possible time. This paper examines trends in Zambia’s public budgeting for agriculture and the composition of the budget. This report does not cover tax expenditures by the government, private sector expenditures, and support from donors. Support from development partners channeled through government programs is included in the report. The report covers approved budget allocations and compares approved expenditures with actual expenditures.

The article summarized the European experience of the investment support of rural development policy. Detailed development goals and described strategic directions of investment activity in rural areas. Defined, that the investment activity is a way to maximize the social, economic and environmental effects of the «Europe 2020» strategy implementation. The authors consider inclusive policy implementation of rural areas as important direction of investment activity. Proved that the priorities of investment policy of rural development support of member states of the EU is in promotion of social integration, the rural economy development, the poverty eradication and the innovative communication technologies implementation. Also, the article analyzes the dynamics of financial flows, especially their distribution and use in member states of the EU in the scope of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. The authors evaluated the institutional framework of investment support for rural development of Ukraine and defined the ways of rural financial infrastructure development.

Employment is an important public issue related to national economy and people’s livelihood. In 2022, the global youth unemployment rate will reach 14.9%, affecting a total of 73 million people. In order to deal with the social risks brought about by large scale youth unemployment, countries around the world are taking measures to solve the employment problem of college students, the main youth employment group. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, China proposes to promote the modernization and development of agriculture and rural areas by supporting university graduates and scientific and technical personnel to enter the rural economy and start their own businesses; moreover, China also aims to achieve economic recovery in the post epidemic era through mutual promotion between the entrepreneurial choices of college students and the direction of national economic development. Through qualitative comparative analysis of 131 Chinese college students, it is found that none of the antecedents meets the requirements of sufficient and necessary conditions for consistency greater than or equal to 0.8 and coverage greater than or equal to 0.9. Further analysis shows that there are three paths for college students’ rural entrepreneurship: “resource-based, with policy guarantee and villager participation”, “policy support, villager participation” and “villagers actively participate”. The government, enterprises, villages and college students should invest more in improving policy support, building infrastructure, diversifying industrial structure, clarifying strategic positioning of villages and innovating entrepreneurial models, so as to promote the modernization of China’s agriculture and rural development and the realization of the goal of rural revitalization while solving the employment difficulties of college students.

Presently, the agricultural sector has great role in supporting and accelerating economic development in the developing countries. Development of agriculture is always related to rural development since it is an integral part to rural economic development. Therefore, agricultural and rural development should be designed to increase the productivity of land, crops, and human resources in order to improve the welfare of rural village. The implementation of agricultural and rural development should be done by involving the rural institutions. Several problems have still been found in the agricultural and rural development that should be properly managed by considering various aspects. In Bali Province, the implementation of agricultural and rural development can be conducted to develop tourism, industry, environment, and other economic activities. The agro - tourism, agro - industry, integrated farming system (system of crops and livestock) and village - owned enterprises could be developed as a response of the rural development.

Background: The study was undertaken due to high levels of poverty in the COMESA region. It endeavoured to explore the contribution by COMESA towards the elimination of poverty using Agriculture and Rural development strategies. The objective of the study was to establish the contribution of COMESA in the fight against poverty in Zambia through Agriculture and rural development. The study employed qualitative approach with an exploratory research design and critical case sampling to choose 13 key informants to explore the contribution of COMESA in the fight against poverty in Zambia. Primary data was used from 13 key informants selected purposively using an interview guide to support secondary data. Data was analysed using thematic and content analysis. The study established that COMESA had been significant in the fight against poverty in Zambia. The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) supported Zambia’s agricultural development policy formulation and implementation amongst others, establishing clear commitment to deliver on investing 10 percent of national budgets in the agricultural sector and achieving a six percent growth in agricultural domestic product. It was established that Zambia had worked with Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa (ACTESA) through mobilisation of small-scale farmers in partnership with private and public institutions in regularising policy on staple foods, through policy outreach and research, creating market access, and building the capacity of the small-scale farmers to enable them compete in the domestic, regional and international markets. The study further established that Zambia’s livestock development received support from COMESA Livestock Unit which supported efforts aimed at driving sustainable livestock production and productivity, value addition and access to markets in the COMESA region. The Market Linkages Initiative (MLI) supported the ACTESA Secretariat and also focused on promoting growth in food staples trade in Zambia to ensure food security. Zambia through the COMESA Regional Agro-Inputs Programme (COMRAP) implemented by the Alliance for Commodity Trade in Eastern and Southern Africa (ACTESA) in Zambia contributed to the improvement of rural household food security and livelihoods. The Integrated Production and Pest Management Programme (IPPM) became active in Zambia since 2014 and is an implementation mechanism of the support programme for the consolidation of the action framework under the European Union-Africa Partnership on Cotton. The study recommended that the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme should be strengthened as it continues to support investment in agricultural development in Zambia particularly enhancing support to small-scale farmers.

This policy note support for agriculture and rural development (ARD) access to a huge market for Serbian agriculture and European Union (EU). The current framework for agricultural policy and budget support needs to adjust quickly to this challenge. Otherwise, these disparate growth pathways will continue leading to low aggregate growth. This outcome is not inevitable, however, provided that government is willing to implement bold, forward thinking structural reform. Experience from countries that have acceded EU recently suggests that agriculture has prospered most in those that met this challenge. The Government needs to use its pre-accession time wisely and focus on two objectives. First, it needs to recognize the core sector development prioritiesthat will increase Serbia’s agriculture competitiveness, and adjust its policy instruments accordingly. Second, national funds would be best spent on supporting these priorities, while complemented with EU funds. The Government’s efforts will require the intensification of work both in sector policy, and in institutional development. Some of the lessons learned from EU enlargements can be translated into a set of recommendations for Serbia that will assist the sector during the transition to full EU membership. They encompass four broad areas: (1) agricultural policy during the period leading to eventual EU membership; (2) commitmentto the completion of necessary reforms; (3) institutional adjustment and capacity building; and (4) re-thinking the use of limited budgetary resources.

THE ABSORPTION OF LABOR IN INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE

The main purpose of the study is to clarify the relationship between Rural and Agricultural Development and Human Resource Development in Russian Federation since 2000s. In order to achieve our purpose, the methodologies of Data Envelopment Analysis, Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling are used to verify our hypotheses in the paper. Analytical results from the research clarified that agricultural development in Russia has made a significant progress since 2000s, it has improved the nation’s food security and rural development, especially since 2010, a positive relationship between agricultural development and human resource development has increased. However, rural and agricultural development in Russia has been uneven across regions; some regions such as Siberian Federal District has left behind the development. It also clarified that structural changes in the agricultural sector have impacts not only on agriculture but also on rural development. Although, agricultural enterprises remain important role in the agricultural performance among others, and its impact on human capital couldn’t be clarified. Policy implications drawn from the research both for the central and regional governments indicated that rural and agricultural development in Russia should pay more attention to Human Resource Development and Rural Development when considering food security in a long-term perspective. Especially the impact of structural changes in agriculture sector on the human capital in rural areas needs careful analysis.

The main targets of the common agriculture policy aiming at sustainable development should be: increasing emphasis on fostering and maintaining sustainable development, promoting environmentally-driven high quality products, managing biodiversity and implementing environmentally-driven technologies including use of renewable raw materials. On September 22, 2006 the Polish Parliament enacted a law on using funds sourced from the European Union budget and allocated to finance the common agricultural policy. The law applies to authorities engaged in making payments financed from the European funds allocated for financing agriculture and development of rural areas, such as: Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture, Agricultural Market Agency as well as Customs Service and inspectorates reporting to the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (including the ones reporting to National Bank of Poland which handles relevant bank accounts).

Rural economies are fundamental to the sustenance, employment, and cultural identity of many developing nations, particularly in agriculture-dependent countries like India. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), established in 1982, has become a pivotal institution in fostering rural development through its extensive range of initiatives. This paper explores the multifaceted role of NABARD in empowering rural economies, evaluating its impact through a blend of quantitative and qualitative analyses. It examines NABARD's historical evolution, strategic frameworks, and diverse interventions, including financial support, capacity-building programs, and policy advocacy. Quantitative assessments focus on financial disbursements, credit flow to agriculture, and their effects on agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. Qualitative insights are derived from field surveys, stakeholder interviews, and case studies, highlighting socio-economic transformations driven by NABARD's efforts. The study also scrutinizes innovative financial instruments and technology-driven interventions promoted by NABARD, emphasizing sustainable agricultural practices and inclusive financial services. By critically appraising NABARD's initiatives, this research identifies successes, challenges, and proposes strategic recommendations to optimize its contributions. The findings offer valuable insights for policy decisions aimed at enhancing rural resilience and prosperity, enriching the discourse on rural development, agricultural economics, and financial inclusion. Keywords: Rural economies, NABARD, Agricultural development, Financial inclusion, Rural infrastructure

Porpuse: This study aims to identify factors affecting rural women's participation in educational- extension programs of the Jihad- Agriculture service centers in Amol township, in order to be able to take positive steps in facilitating and accelerating the process of rural and agricultural development, as the result of the improvement in their level of participation. Methodology: Considering the aims of the study, the present study is applied research and descriptive-correlational in nature. To collect data, library research and field survey were used. The data collection instrument used in this study was a questionnaire, which reliability and validity has been confirmed by the use of the Cronbach's alpha test (86/0> α> 78/0) and the related experts’ opinions. The research population consisted of 67,488 (N= 67488) rural women in Amol township; from which, based on Cochran formula, 384 subjects (N=384) were selected using proportional stratified sampling. SPSS16 software was also used for data analysis. Findings: Descriptive results of this study demonstrated that rural women's participation in educational-extension programs is on a good level. The analytical results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between rural women’s age, education level, monthly income, the extent of information sources’ use, social characteristics, attitudinal characteristics, and economic characteristics on one hand; and the extent of their participation in educational-extension programs on the other hand. The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that the economic characteristics, educational level, income level, attitudinal factors, age and the extent of using information sources, explain 37.10% of the variations in participation rates of rural women in educational-extension programs. Research limitation: Access to rural women and gaining the needed information, were the major challenges in the present study. Practical implications: According to the research results, conducting gender analysis to provide information in order to clarify the role and the significance of rural women’s education in sustainable agriculture and rural development, educational promotion of rural women, improving women's attitudes and etc. can be considerably effective in increasing the participation of rural women in educational- extension programs. Original/value: Considering the fundamental role of rural women in agricultural and rural development -especially in the northern regions of Iran-, identifying factors that affect the extent of their participation in educational-extension programs of Jihad-Agriculture service centers which facilitate agricultural and rural development, is so necessary.

Rural economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), which is shaped and supported by agribusiness development, has been faced with several goals, that are very important for development of the country, and those are the following: to create possibilities for income creation in agricultural sector, to support process of the refugees' return as well as to „unload“ urban settlements, to enable appropriate quantities of healthy food under competitive prices, to strengthen domestic market by decrease of food trade debalance, to enable development of tourism as well as other corresponding economic branches. Stabilization and Association Agreement sets additional challenges in front of rural community and agribusiness sector. The agribusiness sector and rural economy have to be ready for adaptation according to new legislative as well as EU standards, which requires a huge transfer of technology as well as strengthening of human resource potentials. Policy of agricultural and rural development in Bosnia and Herzegovina could be well followed by analysis of the budgets made by particular strategies' decision makers and this analysis is one of the main topics this paper is dealing with. Beside analysis of funds assigned to rural sector and agricultural development, it is also important to analyze utilization of those resources, because the basic problem of B&H agrarian policy is not only in lack of resources, but in utilization of modern policy instruments oriented toward capacity improvement as well as establishment of the business operation environment.