1-Nitro-2-phenylethane, the main constituent of the essential oil of Aniba canelilla, elicits a vago-vagal bradycardiac and depressor reflex in normotensive rats

Abstract

Previously, it was shown that intravenous (i.v.) treatment with the essential oil of Aniba canelilla (EOAC) elicited a hypotensive response that is due to active vascular relaxation rather than to the withdrawal of sympathetic tone. The present study investigated mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular responses to 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, the main constituent of the EOAC. In pentobarbital-anesthetized normotensive rats, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (1–10 mg/kg, i.v.) elicited dose-dependent hypotensive and bradycardiac effects which were characterized in two periods (phases 1 and 2). The first rapid component (phase 1) evoked by 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (10 mg/kg) was fully abolished by bilateral vagotomy, perineural treatment of both cervical vagus nerves with capsaicin (250 µg/ml) and was absent after left ventricle injection. However, pretreatment with capsazepine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or ondansetron (30 µg/kg, i.v.) did not alter phase 1 of the cardiovascular responses to 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (10 mg/kg, i.v.). In conscious rats, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (1–10 mg/kg, i.v.) evoked rapid hypotensive and bradycardiac (phase 1) effects that were fully abolished by methylatropine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). It is concluded that 1-nitro-2-phenylethane induces a vago-vagal bradycardiac and depressor reflex (phase 1) that apparently results from the stimulation of vagal pulmonary rather than cardiac C-fiber afferents. The transduction mechanism of the 1-nitro-2-phenylethane excitation of C-fiber endings is not fully understood and does not appear to involve activation of either Vanilloid TPRV 1 or 5-HT 3 receptors. The phase 2 hypotensive response to 1-nitro-2-phenylethane seems to result, at least in part, from a direct vasodilatory effect since 1-nitro-2-phenylethane (1–300 µg/ml) induced a concentration-dependent reduction of phenylephrine-induced contraction in rat endothelium-containing aorta preparations.