Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly applied in breast cancer to increase breast-conserving surgery (BCS) rates and to improve oncological outcomes. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can be present adjacent to invasive breast cancer (IBC), especially in HER2-positive IBC. DCIS was previously considered to be insensitive to NST. Consequently, mastectomy rates are higher in IBC with adjacent DCIS. Recent studies have shown that DCIS can be sensitive to NST, however, only small populations were investigated.
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