Abstract
Background: As the milk production of dairy cows increases, the reproductive capacity gradually declines. Ovarian quiescence has become one of the concerns of the dairy industry.Objective: To explore the different plasma metabolite levels between estrus and anestrus in energy balanced (EB) dairy cows.Methods: Ten estrous and 10 anestrus EB Holstein cows in early lactation were selected for the study. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to detect plasma metabolites and screen different plasma metabolites between anestrous and estrous cows at 60–90 days postpartum using multivariate statistical analysis.Results: Within an elective waiting period of 60−90 days postpartum mean plasma concentration of total estrogens was significantly higher in estrus cows as compared to anestrus cows (71.2 ± 26.0 and 42.4 ± 16.7 pg/mL, respectively). Seven plasma metabolites (isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine, choline and phosphatecholine) demonstrated significant decreases in estrous dairy cows relative to anestrous subjects. The main pathway was leucine, isoleucine and valine biosynthesis.Conclusion: Anestrus in dairy cows is accompanied by alterations in amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism based on 1H NMR analysis.
Highlights
In recent years, with the increase of average milk yield in the global dairy industry, anestrus in high-producing dairy cows is becoming increasingly problematic (Jena et al 2016), causing low reproduction rates, extended periods of infertility and calving intervals, with serious consequences to dairy farm economics
Walsh et al (2011) pointed out that negative energy balanced (NEB) is the main cause of ovarian quiescence in dairy cows
This study selected energy balanced (EB) dairy cows to reduce the impact of ketosis and negative energy balance on the results
Summary
With the increase of average milk yield in the global dairy industry, anestrus in high-producing dairy cows is becoming increasingly problematic (Jena et al 2016), causing low reproduction rates, extended periods of infertility and calving intervals, with serious consequences to dairy farm economics. Ovarian quiescence has been accepted as the most common cause of anestrus in high-producing cows. Xu C-C et al (2016) reported a relationship between ovarian quiescence and negative energy balanced (NEB) in a 1H NMR metabolomics study. Walsh et al (2011) pointed out that NEB is the main cause of ovarian quiescence in dairy cows. This study selected energy balanced (EB) dairy cows to reduce the impact of ketosis and negative energy balance on the results. Objective: To explore the different plasma metabolite levels between estrus and anestrus in energy balanced (EB) dairy cows. Methods: Ten estrous and 10 anestrus EB Holstein cows in early lactation were selected for the study. Seven plasma metabolites (isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, arginine, choline and phosphatecholine) demonstrated significant decreases in estrous dairy cows relative to anestrous subjects. Conclusion: Anestrus in dairy cows is accompanied by alterations in amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism based on 1H NMR analysis
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