1H-NMR Metabolomics as a Tool for Winemaking Monitoring.

Inès Le Mao,Inès Le Mao,Inès Le Mao,Inès Le Mao,Soizic Lacampagne,Soizic Lacampagne,Gregory Da Costa,Jean Martin-Pernier,Soizic Lacampagne,Tristan Richard,Tristan Richard,Tristan Richard,Tristan Richard,Charlyne Bautista,Jean Martin-Pernier,Charlyne Bautista,Charlyne Bautista,Jean Martin-Pernier,Soizic Lacampagne,Jean Martin-Pernier,Charlyne Bautista

doi:10.3390/molecules26226771

Abstract

The chemical composition of wine is known to be influenced by multiple factors including some viticulture practices and winemaking processes. 1H-NMR metabolomics has been successfully applied to the study of wine authenticity. In the present study, 1H-NMR metabolomics in combination with multivariate analysis was applied to investigate the effects of grape maturity and enzyme and fining treatments on Cabernet Sauvignon wines. A total of forty wine metabolites were quantified. Three different stages of maturity were studied (under-maturity, maturity and over-maturity). Enzyme treatments were carried out using two pectolytic enzymes (E1 and E2). Finally, two proteinaceous fining treatments were compared (vegetable protein, fining F1; pea protein and PVPP, fining F2). The results show a clear difference between the three stages of maturity, with an impact on different classes of metabolites including amino acids, organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, alcohols and esters. A clear separation between enzymes E1 and E2 was observed. Both fining agents had a significant effect on metabolite concentrations. The results demonstrate that 1H-NMR metabolomics provides a fast and robust approach to study the effect of winemaking processes on wine metabolites. These results support the interest to pursue the development of 1H-NMR metabolomics to investigate the effects of winemaking on wine quality.

Highlights

The under-maturity, maturity and over-maturity stages were completely distinguished from one another. This first result indicates that 1 H-NMR metabolomics is able to discriminate wines made from berries
Our main goal was to elucidate whether NMR metabolomics could provide valuable data to monitor the effects of winemaking processes including grape maturation and enzyme and fining treatments
The results indicate that NMR metabolomics can discriminate these different winemaking processes

Summary

Introduction

Metabolomics science, by adopting a targeted or non-targeted approach, can be discriminating, predictive and informative depending on the subject of the study [1,2]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion