Abstract
Due to the enhanced piezoelectric properties, excellent mechanical properties and tunable electric properties, one-dimensional (1D) piezoelectric materials have shown their promising applications in nanogenerators (NG), sensors, actuators, electronic devices etc. To present a clear view about 1D piezoelectric materials, this review mainly focuses on the characterization and optimization of the piezoelectric properties of 1D nanomaterials, including semiconducting nanowires (NWs) with wurtzite and/or zinc blend phases, perovskite NWs and 1D polymers. Specifically, the piezoelectric coefficients, performance of single NW-based NG and structure-dependent electromechanical properties of 1D nanostructured materials can be respectively investigated through piezoresponse force microscopy, atomic force microscopy and the in-situ scanning/transmission electron microcopy. Along with the introduction of the mechanism and piezoelectric properties of 1D semiconductor, perovskite materials and polymers, their performance improvement strategies are summarized from the view of microstructures, including size-effect, crystal structure, orientation and defects. Finally, the extension of 1D piezoelectric materials in field effect transistors and optoelectronic devices are simply introduced.
Highlights
To alleviate the severe energy problems we are facing nowadays, tremendous attention has been paid on harvesting clean and renewable energy from ambient energy sources
The recently developed methods based on piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in measuring the electromechanical properties of 1D NWs are firstly reviewed
We mainly focus on the characterization and optimization of the piezoelectric properties of 1D nanomaterials
Summary
To alleviate the severe energy problems we are facing nowadays, tremendous attention has been paid on harvesting clean and renewable energy from ambient energy sources. It is desirable to know which set of NW morphological (diameter, length), structural (crystal structure, defect type and density, etc.), and electrical properties (conductivity, polarizability) gives the best performance for a particular application. Clarification of these parameters to the piezoelectric properties of 1D nanomaterials is of vital importance for the performance optimization of PENG. The recently developed methods based on PFM, AFM and in-situ SEM/TEM in measuring the electromechanical properties of 1D NWs are firstly reviewed
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