乙醇脫氫酶1B (ADH1B)與乙醛脫氫酶2 (ALDH2)的遺傳變異與青少年飲酒行為之關聯

Abstract

Background and aims: Alcohol is one of the most frequently used substances in adolescence and could increase risk of alcohol use problems. Alcohol metabolizing enzyme genes, alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) have exhibit strong protective effect on alcohol use problems. However, past studies were mostly from case-control studies involving adults with severe outcome due to chronic consumption behavior of alcohol. Relatively few studies investigated early stage of alcohol use by developmental perspective. Hence, the aims of this study are to (1) test the effects of ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes on behavioral changes in alcohol consumption in adolescents, respectively, via follow-up design; (2) to examine the potential age difference in the effects of ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes; (3) to examine the potential puberty status difference of the effects of ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes; and (4) to further investigate the effects of ADH1B when controlling for ALDH2.. Methods: A longitudinal sample of 4th and 6th grade students (N = 384) in Taipei city, Taiwan in 2006-2007 who had experienced alcohol provided information of alcohol use experience and sociodemographic measures via self-administered questionnaires. Participants provided saliva for genotyping the ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphism and ADH1B (rs1229984) polymorphism (rs1229984) using Taqman Analysis. Chi-square test was conducted for comparing personal and genetic traits between different alcohol-use patterns. Logistic regression was further used to control covariates and to exam the potential interaction of genetic factor and age or puberty, respectively. Results: The effect of ALDH2 was not related to alcohol use outcome when combined both grades. There was significant age difference and puberty difference in behavioral changes in alcohol use. The effect of ALDH2 reveals only in 4th grade students and in pre and early puberty group students. The interaction of pubertal status and ALDH2 seems to be stronger then age. ADH1B was not significantly related to behavioral changes in alcohol use even when controlled for ALDH2 status. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the effect of ALDH2 in behavioral changes in adolescent’s early alcohol use is more significant than ADH1B. However, the protective effect declined with age and pubertal status. The effect of ALDH2 is stronger when adolescents are in pre or early puberty. Further factors should be investigated.