中共石油戰略研究（1993-2010）

Abstract

Oil security was brought up by industrialized western countries after the impact of first oil crisis, and it now has become one of the most vital strategic goals pursued by great countries around the world. Oil security is related to economic security and national security, and nowadays the ties between oil security and international politics are growing strong. In the past, oil security means reduction of dependency created by oil consumption and import. Oil supply security indicator is measured by the proportion of oil import: higher degree of oil import means lesser degree of oil supply security. After twenty years, conventional perspective of oil security has altered. Economic globalization has transformed the nature of oil from strategic resource or “weapon” to merely merchandise which is available from international market alone with any other mineral resource desired, and therefore solid connection between dependency of oil import and oil supply security doesn’t exist. Countries that export and import oil are now working towards an interdependent and cooperative course of development, hence the possibility of deliberately ceasing oil export is decreasing while, on the other hand, the risk of natural calamity, technique barrier and political chaos still exists. Furthermore, while the relations of both sides of oil-producing and oil-consuming countries gradually intertwine, the hazard of pirate, terrorist attacks or similar incidents that could cause suspension of oil-supplying chain is rising. Due to the fact stated above, China must understand the maturity of international oil market and the change of oil security situation, and additionally realize the complexity of world chessboard that could cause interruption of oil-supplying chain and lead to severe economic loss. As long as petroleum still play a major role of China’s energy structure, China must deal with oil security issue in the level of national economic security.