印度經濟改革與自由化之研究，1991-2004

Abstract

This thesis tries to answer two main questions in Indian economic reform and liberalization: the initiation and consolidation of the reform. Contrary to most of the prevailing explanations focusing on one level or one dimension, this thesis tries to analyze them in a more historical and broader framework, namely historical-structure and state-centered structure. Post-independent India has gone through three main periods: Indian Nationalism (1947-1964), Communalism (1964-1979), and Globalization (1980s onwards). Comprehending the causality between these three periods helps we better understand the roots of economic crisis in 1991. That is, the rise of Communalism led to the erosion of the state’s autonomy, so a certain kind of reform became a must. And the rise of Globalization gave neo-liberalist economic reform a preference. This thesis further argues that the antagonism between Secularism and Hindu Nationalism, the competition between India and China, and the transnational globalization consolidate the economic reform after 1991. These three main factors could be comprehended as a dialogue between Globalization and Hindutva. Therefore, through this thesis, we found that there were subtle relations between so-called “Identity Politics” and economic reform in Indian political economy.