美國人權外交政策分析—以美中關係為例（1989-2001）

Abstract

United States is the first State with human rights standard in the foreign policy. However, the subject of human rights actually was not a key point in the U.S.-China relations before the Tiananmen Incident. Most of scholars thought the Tiananmen Incident was the beginning for Sino-American conflict in the human rights subject. The issue of China's human rights causes the friction between the Executive and Congress. I attempt to analyze the transformation of foreign policy toward China under Congress's pressure between the Bush (George H. W. Bush) and the Clinton administration in this article. American human rights foreign policy during the Bush and the Clinton government period is researched in this thesis, and take the U.S.-China relations as the example. Take the international human rights standard and the history of American human rights diplomacy as a construction to analyze Sino-American relations after the Tiananmen Incident. Regarding the objection on the Most Favored Nation Status to China , the Bush government chose disagreement with Congress; The Clinton government then ingeniously utilizes the policy, melted the friction between the Executive and Congress. In the event that explodes in the Chinese Yugoslavia Embassy, although Beijing initial manner is strong, after wins the sympathy of the international society and the apology of Washington, China reconciles immediately with U.S. China and U.S. have the conflict on the human rights subject, but they understand each other about the human rights definition as well as the cost for the human rights conflict. As China is more important than before in the international society on human rights subject, faced with the different cognition on human rights between U.S. and China, how U.S. is going to fill the vacuum on human rights foreign policy toward China will be the main issue after the economy and the military cooperation.