1989년 천안문 사건과 그 이후 - 역사의 중첩과 트라우마의 재생산

Abstract

The 1989 Tiananmen incident is generally regarded as a liberal democratic movement resisting dictatorship. The interpretation gained further momentum as it was viewed as the anti-dictatorial democratic movements in East Asia, and the anti-socialist revolutions in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. However, if you take a closer look at the development of the movement and the aspects of the resistance, the Tiananmen incident was a hybridized social movement with the class struggle and the democratic socialist movement within the socialist system.<BR>Meanwhile, the 1989 Tiananmen incident is regarded as a democratic movement strongly influenced by the West since its reform and opening up, and in stark contrast to this, the Cultural Revolution is viewed as a totalitarian madness in which a dictator Mao Zedong mobilized the people to regain his power. However, if you look at the Tiananmen incident in the context of the movement for resistance from the base layer that appeared in modern Chinese history intermittently, you can see that it overlaps with the Cultural Revolution in many aspects. In particular, Deng Xiaoping and other old party leaders had traumas in the Cultural Revolution at the time, so they saw the Tiananmen incident as a renaissance of the Cultural Revolution and strongly mobilized state violence to suppress it.<BR>The armed suppression of the Tiananmen incident in 1989 reduced the power of the stratum social forces, and China has changed into a neoliberal regime with Chinese characteristics that combines authoritarian rule and marketization. In the process, inequality and materialism have led to another new social movement in China, but the Chinese Communist Party has again imposed a strong crackdown on them due to the Tiananmen Square trauma. It is worth noting how the newly formed resistance movement will evolve in this overlap of history.