Abstract
BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently identified as key players in several cancer-associated pathways such as metastasis and drug resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that the HORAS5 lncRNA (i.e. linc00161) modulates drug response in different malignancies. In a recently published study, we have shown that HORAS5 promotes the survival of androgen receptor-positive (AR+) castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Preliminary data obtained in our lab show that HORAS5 is involved in response to cabazitaxel, in both AR+ and AR- CRPC cells. MethodsHORAS5 expression was modulated in AR+ and AR- CRPC cells with lentiviral-mediated overexpression and siRNA-based silencing. We measured cell count (Trypan Blue exclusion test) and apoptosis (caspase 3/7) of CRPC cells exposed to clinically achievable concentrations of cabazitaxel. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR and western blot were used to identify genes regulated by HORAS5 in cabazitaxel-treated cells. We also transfected the cells with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), a technology that is currently being tested in clinical trials. ResultsOur results show that HORAS5 overexpression increases cabazitaxel IC50 (p=0.01), while HORAS5 silencing has an opposite effect (p=0.003). HORAS5 also inhibits caspase activity upon cabazitaxel treatment (p<0.0001). RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR revealed that BCL2A1 is the most upregulated transcript in HORAS5 overexpressing cells exposed to cabazitaxel (p<0.0001), and that BCL2A1 silencing decreases cell count (p<0.03) and increases caspase activity (p<0.0001). This evidence suggests that BCL2A1 expression is induced by HORAS5, thereby enhancing CRPC cells resistance to cabazitaxel. Transfection of CRPC cells with HORAS5-targeting ASOs can effectively silence this lncRNA (∼80% KD) and determine a decrease in the IC50 (p=0.03) in response to cabazitaxel. ConclusionsOur findings show that HORAS5 mediates cabazitaxel resistance in both AR+ and AR- CRPC cells via regulation of the anti-apoptotic BCL2A1. Experiments with ASOs demonstrate the translational potential of HORAS5 inhibition. We are currently assessing HORAS5 expression in biological fluids from patients exposed (or not) to cabazitaxel. Legal entity responsible for the studyFrancesco Crea. FundingThe Open University. DisclosureAll authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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