臺北市南港東北區環境機能變遷對國小校園綠美化的影響(1979~1994)

Abstract

Among the factors affecting environmental function changes and campus space in Nangang, the development of local industry usually plays a key role, especially the legacy brought by the post-war industrial evolution in Taiwan. After being designated as an industrial area by the provincial government in 1956, the presence of factories significantly increased, bringing in the economic boom in Northeastern Nangang, as well as increasingly severe industrial pollution. Specifically, air pollution clouded the whole Nangang area and “black village” has become synonymous with Nangang. This phenomenon ended with the arrival of principal Ding Zhan-ao who proceeded with Campus beautification in 1979 until the policy of Campus beautification announced by Taipei City government in 1994. During this period, two elementary schools located in Northeastern Nangang, Nangang and Dong-xin elementary school, were hurt the most. Fortunately, every principal cooperated fully in the face of environmental pollution and promoting greening policy. Greening started earlier in Nangang elementary school, having the reputation for being garden-like, because principal Ding combined greening and aesthetic education in his six-year tenure. Later-formed Dong Xin elementary school had been selected as one of the top ten green schools under the previous two principals. This great achievement has spread the seeds of greening either in the period of pollution or after the shutdown and move of high-polluting factories such as Taiwan Fertilizer or Kai Yip Chemical. This study explores the effects of industrialization in Northeastern Nangang on the environment and the elementary schools. From the professions and ideas of principals, this study also observes their implementation of greening policy proposed by the government and the achievements of Campus beautification. There are three methodologies in this study. The first is literature review and field survey, observing and collecting the utilization of land, environmental functions in Northeastern Nangang, as well as history of elementary school, aesthetic education, Campus beautification and etc. The second is face-to-face interview. The interview targets include local elementary school principals, teachers, and residents. The last one is geographical field survey, along with PDA and GPS, which position the traditional villages, factories, railway station, old streets, and interviewees’ homes. Then the data obtained from the methodologies mentioned above are arranged, analyzed, compared and summarized in order to interpret the question of this study. There are three core issues in this study: (1) from 1979 to 1994, when the environmental function in Northeastern Nangang changed, what are the causes of local industrial pollution and its impacts on the campus? (2) does the rise of post-environmental awareness in Taiwan influence the greening policy of Taipei City government and benefit the greening of campus at elementary schools? (3) is the aesthetic literacy of the two elementary school principals beneficial to the development of Campus beautification and aesthetic education? Both of the elementary schools in Northeastern Nangang can effectively implement Campus beautification partly thanks to the greening policy established bt Taipei City government, which can reduce the threats and impacts of air pollution caused by the industrialization in Northeastern Nangang. On the other hand, the leadership of both principals also contributes to the successful implementation of Campus beautification and aesthetic education. It is especially worth mentioning that both principal Din and Chien, having aesthetic literacy, can raise the image of the schools and broaden students’ international vision while promoting Campus beautification. The food for thought is that in the authoritarian era, although the policy in Taipei City government effectively contained the expansion of air pollution, the national policy, emphasizing economic development but ignoring environment, delayed the treatment of air pollution and the achievement of Campus beautification can not sustain. Even if the government, using its authority, asked the factories which produced pollution to leave Nangang, which led to the improvement of air quality, the sustainability of Campus beautification can not be guaranteed.