197 - High Fat Diet Associated to Grape Juice Consumption during the Pregnancy Influence on the Offspring Antioxidant Profile Mediated by DNA Methilation

Abstract

Dietary factors have been identified as important modulators of the risk of developing cancer. The antioxidant defense could be involved in this process. The maternal nutrition epigenetically reprograms gene expression in the mammary gland. Evaluate the effects of consumption of grape juice and/or high fat diet by pregnant and nursing dams on antioxidant profile during the pregnancy and on offspring’s mammary cancer risk. Methods: During the pregnancy, 40 pregnancy female Wistar rats received grape juice or water and control diet or high fat diet. We evaluated the weight gain during the pregnancy and lactating, three times a week. After the lactating, the female offspring were euthanized evaluated on 50th post natal day. The 4th-5th mammary gland was removed and all the analyses were performed in this tissue. SOD2 level was performed by Western Blotting. Gpx1, Gpx2 and Sod2 expression gene were performed by PCR. The epigenetic parameters, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b expression gene were performed by PCR assay. Statistically analyses were obtained by ANOVA two ways. We observed that the high fat diet induced an important reduction on Gpx1 expression (Control diet= 0.765± 0.121; High Fat Diet=1.197±0.121). On the Gpx2 expression, we observed that the grape juice increase this enzyme (Water= 5.77± 0.49; Grape juice=7.70 ± 0.51). SOD2 protein level and Sod1 expression gene didn´t change with the diet or the beverage during the pregnancy. High fat diet reduce the DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression gene, and this effect could be reduced the transcription Gpx1 expression. High fat diet reduced the transcription gene, this diet reduced the Dnmt1 (Control diet= 0.516±0.05; High Fat Diet=0.325±0.05) and Dnmt3b expression (Control diet= 0.604±0.05; High Fat Diet=0.325±0.05). Conclusion: The high fat diet increase the GPx1 expression probably by the DNA methylation reduction. However the Gpx2 expression was increased on the grape juice group. We can concluded that the pregnant diet is an important factor to modified the antioxidant defense by epigenetic way, by DNA methylation. This effect could be influence on the breast cancer risk.