1967-2014年科西河流域冰湖时空变化

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 1967-2014年科西河流域冰湖时空变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201611012223 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41261016）；中国科学院冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目（SKLCS-OP-2016-10） Spatial-temporal variations of glacial lakes in the Koshi River basin from 1967 to 2014 Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:冰湖是高山寒区气候变化的灵敏指示器和诱发山地溃决洪水或泥石流的灾害源。基于1960s-2010s多源遥感影像数据（Corona、Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+OLI）、地形图、冰川编目和气象数据，利用RS和GIS技术综合分析科西河流域近50年冰湖（≥ 0.05 km2）时空变化特征及其对冰川变化影响。研究结果表明：（1）近50年来科西河流域冰湖整体经历了"先平稳后扩张"的过程，其中1960s至1980s初期，科西河流域有37个冰湖消失，但总面积趋于平稳状态；1980s中期至2010s初期，流域内冰湖规模迅速扩张，且2000s之后冰湖扩张速率明显加快，至2010s初期增加为321个冰湖（88.43 km2）。（2）科西河流域冰湖集中分布于海拔5000-5500 m，面积小于0.25 km2的小规模冰湖占总数量的74.45%，而面积大于1 km2和介于0.05-0.25 km2的冰湖占总面积的64.18%。（3）除利库科拉（Likhu Khola）流域外，科西河流域其他5个子流域冰湖均呈扩张趋势，其中尤以阿润（Arun）流域冰湖扩张最为显著。（4）气候变暖及其引发的冰川退缩是科西河流域冰湖扩张的根本原因，当冰川末端伸入冰湖时，冰水物质与能量交换在一定程度上加速了冰川消融与退缩。 Abstract:Glacial lakes play an extremely important role in the fragile plateau eco-environment because they are sensitive indicators of climate change in alpine cold areas and can be a source for mountain outburst flood or cause mudflow disaster. Based on multi-source remote sensing image data (Corona, Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI) from the 1960s to 2010s, topographic maps in the 1970s, glacier inventory and meteorological data, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the spatial-temporal variations of glacial lakes (≥ 0.05 km2) in the Koshi River basin and examined their influence on glacier changes. The major results of these studies are as follows. First, the area of glacial lakes in the Koshi River basin remained constant between the 1960s to the early 1980s before rapidly expanding between the mid-1980s and early 2000s. The most rapid expansion was observed after the 2000s. Second, the lakes were centrally distributed in altitude band of 5000-5500 m in this river basin. Glacial lakes with an area of 0.05-0.25 km2 constituted the highest proportion of lakes (74.45%), and the largest area was covered by 0.05-0.25 km2 and above 1 km2 lakes (64.18%). Third, the glacial lakes in each sub-catchment of the Koshi River exhibited a trend of expansion, with the exception of the Likhu Khola basin. Furthermore, there were significant changes in the areas of glacial lakes in the Arun basin. Climate warming and glacial retreat are the main causes of glacial lake expansion in the Koshi River basin. Furthermore, when the terminus of a glacier extends into a glacial lake, there is a significant exchange of matter and energy. We infer that this may accelerate ice melting and the consequent glacier retreat. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献