1950년대 후반 냉전의 균열과 한국·터키의 문화외교

Abstract

The aim of this thesis is to examine the cultural exchanges between postcolonial, ‘underdeveloped’ countries, in contrast to the existing historiography of the Cultural Cold War which has mainly focused on the U.S. or individual intellectuals. There had been extensive cultural exchanges between the two anticommunist regimes of South Korea and Turkey in the late 1950s when the rise of the Neutralism and postcolonial crises had led to the rifts of the Cold War. This development is significant as although they called for the solidarity of the “Free World” by criticizing the Neutralism, at the same time they weakened the said solidarity by condemning Japan and Greece, who were not only the old imperial powers but also now regional competitor for US foreign aid. Ultimately, the two countries aspired for greater aid from the U.S. through activities such as founding of the Northeast Asia Treaty Organization. As both not only professed strong anticommunist sentiments but also shared postcolonial, ‘underdeveloped’ reality, experience of the Korean War and existence of the Turkish Brigade, they deemed each other best suited for such exchanges. The U.S. also hoped for propagation of the Anti-Communism and Anti-Neutralism and the mitigation of imperialistic image of the “Free World” through these cultural exchanges of their own initiatives. As South Korea and Turkey refrained from carelessly intervening in each other’s regional conflicts, however, neither succeeded in gaining support from the other for their respective Anti-Japanese and Anti-Greek policies. While the initial purpose of the cultural exchanges between two anticommunist regimes was failed, these exchanges’ ripple effect was not small, so the ‘revolutions’ of the two countries developed in the early 1960s, consciously cared about each other