Abstract

Assess and compare analgesic efficacy and rates of adverse effects (AEs) of ketamine administered via breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN) at three different dosing regimens for emergency department (ED) patients presenting with acute and chronic painful conditions. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)/glutamate-receptor complex antagonist that decreases pain by diminishing central sensitization, hyperalgesia, and “wind-up” phenomenon at the level of the spinal cord and central nervous system.

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