「族羣」與歷史：以一個卑南族「部落」的形成爲例(1929-)

Abstract

This paper explores the historical formation of a Puyuma 'community', and argues that its distinctive feature as a territorially closed settlement is the result of its forced resettlement in 1929 under the Japanese colonial rule. Consequently, such resettlement created among indigenous peoples the sense of a 'community' characterized by its clearly defined boundary, to which the Han-Chinese were clearly out of bounds. In other words, the indigenous notion of 'community,' particularly its representation in the form of boundary-maintenance, has since then molded their thinking about 'who are our people'. However, the seemingly autonomous and isolated 'community' becomes problematic since the 1970s due to the fact that not only have the Han-Chinese immigrants become the majority within the administrative unit of which the former indigenous 'community' now constitutes a part, but the younger Puyuma have also gradually emigrated to the urban settings in large number. Under such circumstances, how to maintain a 'community' and define 'who are our people' becomes a serious issue confronting the indigenous people. Today, the category of 'our people' consists both of the Puyuma households and those composed of the Han-Chinese and their Puyuma wives, who live within the precinct of the administrative unit and participate in the activities exclusively regarding the Puyuma 'community' . In contrast, the Han Chinese merely living within the same territory, and those Puyuma living in the urban setting but failing to maintain connections with the home 'community' are excluded. Equally significant development within the 'community' is the emergence of a new theory, using both physical (or biological) and cultural features to define the primordiality of 'a Puyuma.'. Based on these findings, I suggest that the historical formation of this Puyuma 'community' will shed lights on several issues in our discussions on 'ethnicity'.