蘇聯在北伐前對國民黨政府之聯盟政策(1923-1926)

Abstract

The cooperation between the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang government began on January 26, 1923 in Shanghai with the signing of the Sun-Joffe Manifesto. The arrival of Soviet advisor Mikhail Borodin（Михаил Маркович Бородин） in October 1923 to Guangzhou led to the forging of an alliance between Soviet and the Kuomingtang government. This thesis analyzes this alliance between Soviet and the Kuomintang government from 1923 until July 9, 1926, the beginning of the Northern Expedition by National Revolutionary Army. The following areas are exploring in this thesis: First, this thesis examined the international landscape during this time period. Second, this thesis had a look at the Soviet’s early planning of alliance policies for the Kuomintang government. Third, this thesis considered the factors that affected the alliance policy of the Soviet. And finally, this thesis analyzes the impact of Sun Yat-sen's death on the Soviet and its alliance policies. This analysis for this thesis is based on data from documents declassified by Soviet as well as research performed by academic scholars. In addition, Stephen M. Walt’s theories of alliance had been used to verify the hypothesis in this paper. The researcher of this thesis believed the alliance between Soviet and the Kuomintang government was benefitting both parties and both sides did their best to maintain this relationship. Due to the threat posed by Japan and the concern of regional security, the Soviet Union took this relationship seriously, even willing to abandon its influence of communism in China. The relationship soured when Borodin, serving as the policy executor for Soviet, did not faithfully implement policies made by Soviet. This mistake aggravated an existing internal fight within the Kuomintang and led to the termination of the alliance. After Sun’s death, the Soviet Union attempted to impose more control and support of the Kuomintang government. They attempted to stabilize the situation in China and strengthened its dominance in the alliance relationship using Walt’s theories of alliance, which included attempts to show “ideology”, “foreign aid” and “transnational penetration”. However, as the hypothesis in Walt’s theories of alliance told us, such practice would eventually cause problems and lead to collapse of the alliance relationship.