Abstract
A high-efficiency inverted-type CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) solar cell was fabricated by using a ultrathin poly[3-(4-carboxybutyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl]-Na (P3CT-Na) film as the hole transport layer. The averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be largely increased from 11.72 to 18.92% with a double-filtering process of the P3CT-Na solution mainly due to the increase in short-circuit current density (JSC) from 19.43 to 23.88 mA/cm2, which means that the molecular packing structure of P3CT-Na thin film can influence the formation of the MAPbI3 thin film and the contact quality at the MAPbI3/P3CT-Na interface. Zeta potentials, atomic-force microscopic images, absorbance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, and Raman scattering spectra are used to understand the improvement in the JSC. Besides, the light intensity-dependent and wavelength-dependent photovoltaic performance of the MAPbI3 solar cells shows that the P3CT-Na thin film is not only used as the hole transport layer but also plays an important role during the formation of a high-quality MAPbI3 thin film. It is noted that the PCE values of the best P3CT-Na based MAPbI3 solar cell are higher than 30% in the yellow-to-near infrared wavelength range under low light intensities. On the other hand, it is predicted that the double-filtering method can be readily used to increase the PCE of polymer based solar cells.
Highlights
The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has satisfied the requirements for commercialization, which can provide the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 25.5% [1] and 22.3% [2] when the regular-type and inverted-type device architectures are used, respectively
It is naturally to form a smooth contact between the hydrophilic PEDOT:PSS and perovskite thin films, which results in a high-efficiency hole collection and thereby contributing to the generation of photocurrent [4]
When the F2-P3CT-Na solution was used to prepare the P3CT-Na thin film, the averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) largely increased to 18.92% due to the increases in the JSC and fill factor (FF)
Summary
The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has satisfied the requirements for commercialization, which can provide the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 25.5% [1] and 22.3% [2] when the regular-type and inverted-type device architectures are used, respectively. In regular-type perovskite solar cells, TiO2 and SnO2 thin films are widely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) to collect (block) the photo-generated electrons (holes) from the perovskite thin film. In inverted-type perovskite solar cells, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesolfonate (PEDOT:PSS) thin films are widely used as the hole transport layer (HTL) to collect (block) the photogenerated holes (electrons) from the perovskite thin film. Wide-bandgap p-type NiOx and CuOx thin films were used to replace PEDOT:PSS thin films as the HTL of inverted-type perovskite solar cells, which results in the higher VOC. A high PCE of 19.03% was achieved in the inverted-type perovskite solar cells when the double-filtering process of P3CT-Na solution is used to modify the molecular packing structure of the HTL. It is predicted that the double-filtering method can be readily used to increase the PCE of polymer based solar cells [19,20]
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