Abstract
This chapter describes the influence of delamination on the development of impact damage in composite plates and stiffened shells, from both experimental and theoretical considerations. Recent progress on materials modeling and numerical simulation of composite shell structures subjected to impact loads is used to study the role of delamination under impact. A Continuum Damage Mechanics [“CDM―] model for Unidirectional [“UD―] fibre reinforced composites is applied to model both in-ply damage and delamination failure during impact loading. The CDM model has been implemented in a commercial explicit Finite Element [“FE―] code in which a laminate is modeled by stacked shell elements with cohesive interfaces. Delamination failure is modeled by allowing the interfaces to damage and fracture when a delamination failure energy criterion is reached. The application of the code is described here to predict damage in composite panels subjected to low velocity drop tower and high velocity gas gun impact tests by steel impactors under a range of test conditions. A comparison of structural response and failure modes from numerical simulations and impact tests shows good agreement for the prediction of delamination damage and penetration at higher impact energies.
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