19 - Biomedical Devices and Biomaterials

Abstract

This chapter discusses about biomedical devices and biomaterials. The purpose of this chapter is to describe and define the major biomaterials used as biomedical implants or biomedical devices in humans and animals; and to discuss methods of assessing the anticipated and abnormal reactions associated with these implants. Biomedical implants are composed of a wide variety of materials ranging from inert elements to highly reactive chemicals or composites. Biomedical implants also span the range from a single known element, such as titanium, to living cells or tissues initially derived from the host organism. A biomedical device is a device used temporarily or permanently, externally or internally, to diagnose conditions or to preserve, restore, or augment structure or function in the body. Devices include clinical chemistry analyzers, contact lenses, MRI units, artificial hearts, syringes, needles, and breast implants. The chapter focuses on those materials and devices that are primarily synthetic or composite in nature and design.