19세기 말 만주 · 한반도에서 러시아 대외정책의 지정학적 목표와 시사점

Abstract

The aim of this study is to understand the traditional geopolitical goals of Russian foreign policy, on the basis of this, analyze the geopolitical goals of Russian foreign policy in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula in the late 19th century, and, from this, ultimately to find the implications for Korea-Russia cooperation. The geopolitical goals of foreign policy can be defined as those related to the control of the space that a country intends to achieve through foreign policy under the influence of space, and process of achieving those goals is always accompanied by cooperation and competition with the other political actors. Russian policy toward Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula aimed to secure the ice-free ports, expand the railroad networks, and build the buffer zones that were the traditional geopolitical goals of Russian foreign policy. In the period from the end of the first Sino-Japanese War to the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War Russia leased the ports Arthur and Dalian in the Liaodong Peninsula, constructed Chinese Eastern Railway and connected it to the Trans-Siberian Railway. Russia also made Manchuria as a buffer zone under its influence and the Korean Peninsula as a neutral buffer zone. Russian foreign policy is similarly revived on the Korean Peninsula nowadays. Russia secured exclusive license to dock No. 3 of Port Rajin in 2008 and connected Port Rajin to the Trans-Siberian Railway by remodeling the railroad section between Port Rajin and Khasan in September 2013. And Russia hopes that North Korea at least or the Korean Peninsula as far as possible will become a neutral buffer zone.