(18F)-PSMA-1007PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: Diagnostic performance and impact on treatment management

Abstract

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy and the effect of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT on treatment strategy. A total of 114 patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy who performed 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. The Gleason scores (GS), maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and the diagnostic performance were compared according to different prostate-specific antigen (PSA) groups. To evaluate the impact of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT on treatment management, we also collected subjects’ therapy before and after PET/CT. The PSA value was monitored to evaluate the biochemical response. 18F-PSMA-1007PET/CT was positive in 92/114 patients (80.7%). The detection rates were 20/34 (58.8%), 13/17 (76.5%), 15/17 (88.2%) and 44/46(95.7%) for PSA levels of 0.2-<0.5, 0.5-<1, 1-<2, ≥2 ng/ml. The positive lesions on PET/CT revealed local recurrence in 24/114(21.1%) patients, lymph nodes metastases in 54/114(47.4%) and metastatic sites in bone, lung, and others in 75/114(65.8%). A significant positive correlation was observed between the GS/ SUVmax and PSA level (r1 = 0.375, r2 = 0.336, P<0.001). As a result of the 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, therapeutic decision-making changed in 60/114(52.6%) patients. With a follow-up of 11.0 ± 6.4 months,81/114 PSA were collected after treatment guided by 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, and in 42/81(51.9%) of patients, serum PSA levels decreased of more than 60%. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT has a high lesion detection rate for recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) and could have significant implications in decision-making treatment plan for the majority of PCa patients.