從「常夏」到「四季」－日治時期在臺俳人中的季節感與生活寫實（1895-1936）

Abstract

The haiku is a type of short poetry, within which one must be able to express a sense of seasons with a ＂seasonal word＂ (a word or theme that indicates a season). The sense of seasons expressed within the poem does not fall within the boundaries of time established nationally, officially, or from top-down authority, and instead belongs to the same flow of time which governs the lives of the common people. On the other hand, haiku originated from a temperate monsoon climate. When it was transplanted to a completely different setting, it also presented the issue of the flow of time within the expansion of space. This encompassed the time of the empire and the time of the colonies, as well as the conflict and harmony that existed between both sides. From related discussions that span from the early Japanese period to the 1930's, one can discern that the majority of Japanese moving to Taiwan were faced with issues related to moving from a temperate climate to a (sub) tropical climate. These people encountered changes in scenery, the lack of clear distinctions between the seasons, as well as a different general feeling associated with the seasons in this new setting. Ultimately, this led to confusion and a number of other subtle changes on the part of Japanese poets, which in turn became a predicament in writing haiku. However, in the process of establishing ＂Taiwan Haiku＂ as an art form, the direction which Japanese haiku poets in Taiwan took also changed. The views expressed in their writing gradually shifted from homesickness to preference for Taiwan, depicting realistic portrayal of life. The flow of time also began to abandon the sense of seasons with Japan as the center, and instead looked for minute changes within the uniform ＂tropical＂ climate in order to capture seasonal differences as they appeared in Taiwan. This process reflected the vision and mindset of Japanese in Taiwan-the shift in mentality from living abroad to becoming a permanent resident. To understand haiku, a ＂common location＂ must exist; hence, this location was reduced from ＂the common location among Japanese＂ down to ＂the common location among Japanese in Taiwan＂. These poetic depictions of scenery contain hidden traces concerning the movement of the boundaries of haiku, as well as the changing ways in which haiku was to be understood. At the same time, they also reflect the flow and change of Japanese culture in colonial Taiwan.