基督教青年會來華推展體育的動機與策略（1885-1928）

Abstract

The modern physical education of China was introduced from the Occident the later of the 19th century and has been developing and getting its own place international sport world by a systematic and organizational plan since the year 1908. The forerunner of this great success was Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). In order to explore the behind motion and specific strategy that YMCA with religionary color adopted physical education for preaching Christianity while driving away at YMCA Movement in China, the focus of this study was the notions of the western physical directors and the historical research method was used. A great deal of historical materials relative to physical education affairs proceeded by YMCA in China was gathered in America. The results showed that the periods of the development of YMCA physical education China were obscuration and scatteration (1885-1894), outset and experiment (1895-1907), growth and stabilization (1908-1921), unrest and reflection (1921-1922) respectively. The specific motions and strategies of the different periods came up for the ends of ”building up the Kingdom of Christ in China,” ”cultivating the young into the whole man” and ”fulfilling the three-self strategy.” The definite motions were to preach the Christianity, enhance the reputation of YMCA, remove hedge between China and YMCA, and improve China people's health through dis-ideological physical education with communication function. The specific strategies included sending western physical directors to China, cultivating physical education professionals, interesting in sports, spread the news, applying the diplomacy, and strengthening predominance of the organization. With firm faith and belief, YMCA advanced its own business in China and brought the wins for both China and YMCA.