Abstract
In the early twentieth century the German Jewish anarchist Gustav Landauer proclaimed that the German and the Jewish culture could deeply trusted in each other. During the First World War the famous German-Jewish industrialist Walter Rathenau also emphasized that Germany was his 'Vaterland' and all the German-Jews should also be the core-members of the German nation. Since the Middle Ages many Jewish people in Europe were forced to live in ghettos and were isolated from the societies of Christians. How was it possible, that after so many ceturies the German-Jews identified themselves with the German nation and with full national passion for their 'Vaterland'? What was the key motivation in this changing? The unification of Germany in 1871 became an important historical turning point, which brought both the political unification and the civil rights for all people, who lived in Germany, included the Jews. Most of the German-Jews believed in this new age - the comming of an openly, friendly and fairly society. The aim of this research is to analyse the development of the Jews in the German Empire. Did the equal civil rights really give the Jews free options for their existence? Die they had many possibilities to change their social position? Die the Germans really accepted the Jewish integration? If the period of the German Empire was the 'golden age' for the Jews from ghettoise to integration, after sixty years in the Nazi Germany, why were they forced from integration backed to ghettoise, then to the Holocaust?
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