從森槐南、幸田露伴、笹川臨風到王國維──日本明治時期(1869-1912)的中國戲曲研究考察

Abstract

Japanese scholars-the earliest researchers of Chinese drama-began their studies in the Meiji period. After the Meiji Revolution (1868), Japan was influenced significantly by Western concepts, and in this way local culture such as drama became an important object of Chinese literature study. Mori Kainan, Kōda Rohan, and Sasagawa Rinpū were the outstanding figures among these Japanese scholars of this period. Mori Kainan began to study Chinese drama and fiction as early as around 1887. He was also the first professor who taught Chinese ci and qu in the university, and he influenced later scholars such as Kubo Tenzui and Shionoya On. In the twentieth and early thirtieth years of the Meiji Period, poets such as Mori Kainan and writers such as Mori Ōgai and Kōda Rohan formed a research circle to read and study Chinese classical poetry, drama and novels. Around 1897, a group of young ”literary scholars” graduated from Tokyo Imperial University, trained in the Western educational system, and devoted to the study of the history of Chinese literature. Sasagawa Rinpū, a graduate of 1896, focused on Chinese drama, and his great achievements marked the first flourishing period of Chinese drama study. At the end of the Meiji Period, Kano Naoki and Shionoya On studied Chinese drama with meticulous textual research, which also agreed with Wang Guowei's research methodology. They laid the foundations for the flourishing of Chinese drama study in the Taishō and early Shōwa periods. In fact, the research of Chinese drama in the Meiji Period had involved not only many types of drama, including zaju, chuanqi and nanxi, but also many key elements of drama, such as theater, stage, and music. The study of Chinese drama became very systematic and organized. Wang Guowei's masterpiece, The History of Song and Yuan Dynasty Drama, was obviously influenced by the studies of the Japanese academy. On the other hand, his works also stimulated the Japanese academy and contributed to the richness of Yuan qu Study in the Taishō and early Shōwa periods.