Abstract
ABSTRACT Botany is one of the oldest sciences done above the 60oS parallel with more than 180 years passing since the first professional botanist collected plants in Antarctica. Far from being a barren place, plants constitute an important part of polar ecosystems. Brazil is one of only 29 countries in the world with consultative status and to currently develop botanical studies in Antarctica. We discuss the importance of polar science to Brazil and the role that Brazil has in the international austral-polar scientific community, as well as the importance of its newly inaugurated scientific station.
Highlights
Antarctica includes all land and ocean above the latitude of 60o S
Botany is one of the oldest sciences done above the 60°S parallel with more than 180 years passing since the first professional botanist collected plants in Antarctica
We discuss the importance of polar science to Brazil and the role that Brazil has in the international austral-polar scientific community, as well as the importance of its newly inaugurated scientific station
Summary
Antarctica includes all land and ocean above the latitude of 60o S. The bulk of scientific activity initiated after World War II, and after the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957/58. Antarctica today is not part of any national territory, and instead it is currently governed by the Antarctic Treaty, an international treaty that was negotiated in 1959 following the momentum created by the IGY and came into force in 1961. Under the Antarctic Treaty, Antarctica is defined as a continent exclusively dedicated to peaceful and, scientific purposes. While the Treaty remains in force, previous territorial claims are placed in abeyance and all Parties to the Treaty (signatory nations) are free to undertake their scientific programs anywhere in the region. The Treaty itself does not have any enforcement authority, and to become effective, its agreed decisions and conventions need to be incorporate into the national laws of each consultative party. Science in Antarctica, plays an unusually important role in regional geopolitics (Câmara & Melo 2018; Mattos & Câmara 2020)
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