Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based TiO2 nanocomposite membrane was designed through the important die casting process of membrane fabrication. The used TiO2 nanocomposite material was synthesized by the sol–gel method of material synthesis. The synthesized composite membrane has a combination of PVC polymer and TiO2 nanocomposite material that shows novel and better chemical and mechanical stabilities. The synthesized membrane is differentiated and characterized by its chemical composition, ion exchange capacity, and via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These characterizations verified the functional groups, material nature, thermal stability, surface structure, porosity, elemental percentage, ion transportation, etc. The membrane shows good ion-exchange capacity, high stability, reproducibility, and selectivity for salts and heavy metal ions. To observe the electrochemical studies of the membrane, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl electrolyte solutions are experimentally analyzed and the obtaining data has been theoretically applied. The charge density of the membrane shows the KCl>NaCl>LiCl order, whereas the observed potential transport number and mobility ratio follows the KCl<NaCl<LiCl order.
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