Abstract
This chapter discusses the genetic analysis of Agrobacterium . Genetic infection by Agrobacterium species is the only verified example of natural genetic exchange between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms. Infection of plants by Agrobacterium strains containing tumor-inducing (Ti) or root-inducing (Ri) plasmids result in transfer of a segment of plasmid DNA, termed the “T-DNA,” from bacterium to the plant cell, where it becomes stably integrated into the plant nuclear DNA. Genes on the Ti and Ri plasmids code for most of the products required for the infection process, but chromosomal genes also participate in early steps of infection. Ti and Ri plasmids carry over 20 virulence (vir) genes, which are expressed in response to plant signals. The vir gene products catalyze the transfer of the T-DNA from bacterium to plant cell. T-DNA genes code for the synthesis of phytohormones, causing the neoplastic growth known as crown gall or hairy root.
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