Abstract
This work presents an 18 element antenna system compatible with massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO)/Diversity fourth/fifth generation (4G/5G) smartphones. The antennas are designed at sub-6 GHz long term evolution (LTE) band 42 (3.4-3.6 GHz) and LTE band 43 (3.6-3.8 GHz). A simple slot type antenna is considered as the radiating element, with open ended slots used for obtaining a compact design. These slots also act as decoupling elements to improve the isolation among different radiators. The proposed antenna elements are designed on a low-cost FR-4 substrate having dimension of 150 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times80$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, which can be typically used for 6-inch smart phones. The simulated and measured values of antenna gain are found to be greater than 5.3 dBi. Simulated and measured results of the proposed design show excellent impedance matching (reflection coefficient>20 dB), port isolation (>20 dB), total efficiency (>87%) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (< 0.01) over the operating frequency. MIMO antenna performance metrics are verified by calculating the ergodic channel capacity with Kronecker channel model.
Highlights
A S THE world is moving towards 5G communication systems, the demand for 5G smartphones and 5G base stations [1] will increase exponentially in the coming years
With low order multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems the values of parameters like ergodic channel capacity, spectral efficiency and signal to noise ratio (SNR) can still be increased to meet application and customer demands [3]. 5G communication systems demand better link reliability and data rates of around 1000 times compared to 4G [4]
Massive MIMO can increase the spectral efficiency, channel capacity and link reliability to a large extent compared to low order MIMO antennas [5]
Summary
A S THE world is moving towards 5G communication systems, the demand for 5G smartphones and 5G base stations [1] will increase exponentially in the coming years. With low order MIMO systems the values of parameters like ergodic channel capacity, spectral efficiency and signal to noise ratio (SNR) can still be increased to meet application and customer demands [3].
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