Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has resulted in impressive clinical response rates in the treatment of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, systemic administration of ICB therapy is associated with inconsistent patient responses alongside severe immune-related adverse events (iRAEs), resulting in discontinuation of treatment, especially when anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 mAb therapies are used in combination. Preclinical studies indicate that locoregional administration of ICB to internal solid tumours enhances immune responses with minimal toxicities, but this approach has not been fully explored in cutaneous tumours.

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