1600 IS SMOKING ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER STAGE AND GRADE BLADDER CANCER? PROSPECTIVE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY

Abstract

You have accessJournal of UrologyBladder Cancer: Invasive II1 Apr 20121600 IS SMOKING ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER STAGE AND GRADE BLADDER CANCER? PROSPECTIVE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP STUDY Said Mishriki, Bhavan Rai, Bhaskar Somani, and Omar Aboumarzouk Said MishrikiSaid Mishriki Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author , Bhavan RaiBhavan Rai Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author , Bhaskar SomaniBhaskar Somani Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author , and Omar AboumarzoukOmar Aboumarzouk Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.1373AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Smoking is a well documented risk factor for developing bladder cancer. Stage and grade are well known significant prognostic factors. Muscle invasive disease and higher grades carry poor prognosis. This prospective study assesses the association between smoking and developing higher stages and grades of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). METHODS 189 patients with histologically proven TCC were prospectively identified and followed up between 2000 and 2005. Patients were grouped according to their smoking history. Smokers (current and former) and non smokers were grouped separately. The pathological stage and grade of the disease as documented in the pathology laboratory reports was evaluated for smokers and non-smokers. Five patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) were analysed separately. RESULTS 128 (67.7%) smokers and 61 (32.3%) non-smokers were identified.A higher percentage of muscle invasive disease was associated with smoking (Table 1). Smoking and Bladder Cancer Grade Stage Ta(%) T1(%) T2(%) T3(%) T4(%) Smoker 70(54.7) 26(20.3) 23(18.0) 5(3.9) 4(3.1) Non-Smoker 36(59.0) 18(29.5) 7(11.5) 0(0) 0(0) This was statistically significant. Fisher's exact test p=0.035. This was also statistically significant. Chi-Square p <0.0001 CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study that links smoking with stage and grade of TCC of the bladder. In addition to predisposing to TCC of the bladder, smoking seems to significantly increase the risk of developing higher stage and grade. Smoking and Bladder Cancer Grade Grade G1(%) G2(%) G3(%) CIS Smoker 24(18.8) 55(43.0) 49(37.7) 2 Non-Smoker 34(55.7) 17(27.9) 10(16.4) 3 © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e647-e648 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Said Mishriki Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author Bhavan Rai Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author Bhaskar Somani Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author Omar Aboumarzouk Aberdeen, United Kingdom More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...