Abstract
Composite materials design and processing are effective for improvement of mechanical and physical properties of metal materials. This chapter discusses powder metallurgy (PM) titanium composites (TMCs) with “multi-scale reinforcements,” namely, their size ranges from micrometer (μm) to nanometer (nm) or even atomic scale. Both ex situ and in situ processes are discussed for the fabrication of PM TMCs. Gas atomization is also introduced as a useful process for the production of titanium composite powders, including reinforcements. In particular, in situ formed reinforcements formed via reactions between additive particles (e.g., TiB2, B4C, boron, and carbon) and the titanium matrix can significantly improve the mechanical strength of TMCs because of their good interfacial coherence with the matrix. The use of ubiquitous light elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen are also discussed in detail for strengthening: where oxygen and nitrogen are used as solid solution strengthening elements, hydrogen is used to enhance tensile ductility because the growth of deformation twins can be controlled by TiH2 dispersoids in the matrix.
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