Abstract
This chapter discusses approaches to the post-closure safety assessment of near-surface facilities for the disposal of low- and intermediate-level wastes. Specifically, it focuses on approaches that have been developed in many countries over many years directed at establishing confidence in post-closure safety assessments. Compared with geological disposal, near-surface disposal demonstrates a greater diversity of disposal system designs, a wider variety in hydrogeological settings, waste that is more heterogeneous in nature and more difficult to characterize than typical waste streams intended for geological disposal. Many near-surface disposal facilities have been in operation far longer than geological isposals. These differences have led to diverse philosophy and technical approaches in near-surface and geological disposal safety assessments.
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