Abstract
In this chapter, the impact resistance of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fabrics is explained. These fabrics include 2D and 3D woven and knitted flat and circular fabrics. Different types of soft/layered structures as well as rigid composite materials are outlined with various design examples for ballistic and stab threats. The recent developments on nanotubes/fibers and shear-thickening fluids (STF) for ballistic fabrics are reviewed. The ballistic properties of single- and multilayered fabrics were discussed. Their impact mechanism is explained for both soft vest and rigid armor applications. Analytical modeling techniques and finite element methods (FEM) for the estimation of ballistic properties are introduced. It is concluded that the ballistic/stab properties of fiber-reinforced soft and rigid composites can be enhanced by using high strength fibers and tough matrices as well as specialized nanomaterials. The development of special fabric architectures also improves the ballistic properties of the resulting structures. All these design factors are of primary importance for achieving flexible and lightweight ballistic structures with a high ballistic limit.
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