Abstract
Electrodialysis reversal (EDR) provides a continuous self-cleaning electrodialysis process that uses periodic reversal of direct current (DC) polarity. The DC electric field is alternately reversed to drive salt scale off the membranes before those materials become permanently attached. DC field reversal eliminates the need to feed either acid or anti-scalant chemicals into the desalination process. The unit is integrated with U-shaped sheet flow-path spacers developed to fit the optimum flow-path length and width. In the EDR system, scale formation, colloidal deposit, and organic fouling are prevented and water recovery is increased. EDR operations are carried out to decrease nitrate or fluoride levels. Reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and EDR are operated side by side to compare long-term performance and operating costs in producing drinking water. Trihalomethanes dissolving in the surface water are minimized and EDR operational maintenance technologies are developed.
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