Abstract
The external surface of the lung is covered with a thin layer of fluid, the respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF). RTLF contains a wide range of compounds with distinct antioxidant properties. These antioxidants, especially the water-soluble compounds—glutathione, ascorbic acid, and uric acid—act as a first line of defense against inspired oxidants such as nitrogen dioxide and ozone. By reacting as sacrificial substrates with oxidizing gases, RTLF antioxidants protect the delicate outer surface of the lung. Studies in human volunteers have indicated that the distribution of antioxidants along the respiratory tract is not uniform. Uric acid is by far the most prevalent antioxidant in the nasal cavity while reduced glutathione is present in high concentrations in the lower airways. Marked differences in the amount of RTLF antioxidants among individuals have led to the proposal that those individuals with low RTLF antioxidant levels may be more susceptible to the impact of oxidizing pollutants.
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