Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture and are known to provoke major environmental problems in the world. It not only pollutes the natural resources such as air, soil, and water but also contaminates the food chain. Its application in agriculture has highly increased during the past 60 years after the Green Revolution in India although the developed countries have banned some invented alternatives. Pesticides may affect respiratory, reproductive, nervous, hormone and endocrine, and circulatory systems and cause many health-related issues. Because of its unfavorable aptitude to cause a massive damage to health and environment, its secondary effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. Therefore, there is an emerging need for a move toward a sustainable and ecological approach in reforming agriculture and increasing food production to come up with more innovative ideas, to implement sustainable practice that evolves food sovereignty. We should focus more on natural biopesticides with other substitutes for sustainable agriculture practices. Applications of green chemistry in agriculture sector as well as occupational will help at greater extent. This chapter broadly focuses on characteristics of different pesticides, its classifications, and the effects of pesticides on different terrestrial ecosystems including aquatic and human health–related issues.
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