Abstract
This chapter compiles a detailed description of the epidemiology, histopathology, imaging, treatment and new advances in malignant gliomas. This includes the most common malignancies of the primary CNS in adults: glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, gliosarcoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), midline glioma and gliomatosis cerebri. We present the recent clinical trials and therapeutic advances that have slowly but steadily lengthened the survival of patients with these tumors, including tumor treatment field technology. A noticeable change in this edition is the adoption of the latest 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The 2016 WHO classification restructured the malignant glioma family by using molecular parameters in addition to histology to define several brain tumor entities. New entities such as glioblastoma, IDH wild-type; glioblastoma, IDH mutant; and diffuse midline gliomas (H3K27M mutated) are presented in this chapter. At the end of the text, the reader can find a special section for AOs and midline gliomas. Adding this information was deemed important due to the prognostic implications and management of these specific lesions.
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