Abstract
This chapter discusses the application of spectroscopy in chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological system. The largest number of applications, by sheer volume, would appear to be in the field of chemical synthesis. Viscosity, endgroup analyses, percentage branching, cross-linking, degree of crystallinity, density, and average molecular weight are some of the parameters tested in polymeric substances, and they determined by vibrational spectroscopy. Monitoring via spectroscopy is quite an important tool in pharmaceutical industry. The final products of pharmaceutical industry are solid; the measurement of liquids is not a trivial portion of the analyses performed in the industry. When the final products are solids, many intermediate steps take place in solution, which is monitored by spectroscopy. Vibrational spectroscopic methods provide a rapid and noninvasive technique for monitoring a potentially hazardous material. A detector with a rapid feedback loop to the valves or pumps involved could allow for control of the system. Rapid, rugged, and accurate vibrational spectroscopic analyzers are currently available. The plethora of chemometric algorithms available through the manufacturers and third-party vendors allows even the novice to go online with almost any assay now performed in the laboratory.
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