Abstract
This chapter discusses the preparation and properties of enzymes immobilized by copolymerization. In the protein copolymerization process, proteins are vinylated with acylating and alkylating monomers and copolymerized with eomonomers. For vinylation of the enzyme, several heterobifunctional acylating and alkylating reagents containing a copolymerizable double bond have been investigated. Depending on the concentration of the alkylating monomer, soluble-to-insoluble protein polymers are obtained with acrylamide as comonomer and may be separated on molecular sieves. If eopolymerization of the enzyme is also carried out in the presence of cross-linkers, for example N,N'-methylenebisacryl- amide, insoluble immobilized enzymes are obtained from the outset. Mechanical properties, specific activity, and activity yield may be influenced by the polymerization conditions, the monomers, and the crosslinkers used. The conditions observed for mechanical inclusion into crosslinked polyacrylamide may for the most part be adopted for the covalent immobilization in polyacrylamide gels; the concentration of the alkylating, or acylating monomer, based on acrylamide, amounts to between 0.3 and 3%.
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