Abstract
Thermochemical conversion of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum has been practiced for a long time, and analytical pyrolysis has been frequently utilised as an associate procedure for studying the process. Also, pyrolysis has been used for recycling of various types of waste such as used tires, biomass, municipal waste, different types of plastics, etc. One important form of recycling is applied to biomass (wasted plant material, animal waste, algae). Besides the common use of various forms of biomass, in particular of wood, for direct energy production, thermal treatment has been applied to biomass with the goal of generating materials more amenable for energy production. The thermal treatment may consist of pyrolysis which is heating in the absence of air at temperature around 500˚C, or of torrefaction which is a form of mild pyrolysis at temperatures between 200 and 300˚C. Among of biomass types that has been subject to thermal treatment are wood (timber), wood residues (wood scraps, sawdust), waste from crops (straw, bagasse, corn cobs), algal materials, plant and animal lipids, or components of municipal waste.
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