Abstract
The abandonment of alfalfa fields is on the rise in semi–arid regions. It is important to clarify the changes of soil water content, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil saturated water conductivity, soil pH, soil NH4-N, NO3-N, soil available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, Margalef index, Pielou index, Simpson index, and Shannon–Wiener index in abandoned alfalfa fields, which is essential for vegetation restoration efforts in semi-arid areas. This dataset is credited to the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Shenmu Erosion and Environment in Shaanxi Province (also referred to as Shenmu Station). we conducted surveys on alfalfa fields in 2003, 2014, and 2022 with varying abandonment periods (1-30 years, 12-41 years, and 20-49 years, respectively) to obtain data on soil physicochemical characteristics and plant species diversity. This dataset was compiled in strict adherence to international observation technical standards, including field investigations, laboratory measurements, data calculations, data storage, and quality control procedures. The high-quality data can serve as solid foundation for the study of alfalfa succession process in semi-arid areas.
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