148 Evaluation of Multicarbohydrase Supplementation in Soluble and Insoluble Fiber-Based sow Diets on Markers of Immune Function, Inflammation, and Oxidative Status at mid and Late Gestation

Abstract

Abstract Carbohydrase supplementation in soluble and insoluble fiber-based diets can improve the health, gastrointestinal function, and livability of growing pigs. However, its efficacy in sow diets is incompletely understood. The experimental objective was to investigate the effects of soluble (20% sugar beet pulp) versus insoluble (20% reduce oil corn DDGS) dietary fiber with or without multicarbohydrase supplementation on systemic markers of gut barrier integrity, inflammation, and oxidative stress of sows at mid and late gestation. On d 28 of gestation, 36 confirmed gestating sows (186 ± 4.6 kg BW) were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets (n = 8) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Factors included fiber type of either insoluble fiber (IF; 16.91 IDF%) or soluble fiber (SF; 5.26 SDF%) and with (+) or without (-) enzyme supplementation (0.05%, Rovabio Advance P10; Adisseo, Antony, France). Diets were fed from d 28 to d 109 of gestation at a feeding level of 2.4 kg/d. On d 50 and d 99 of gestation, before an 8-d metabolism collection period, serum and plasma were collected via jugular venipuncture and analyzed for malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and a 13-plex cytokine array. Data were analyzed as repeated records using a linear mixed model (PROC Mixed, SAS 9.4) with block as a random effect, and fiber type, enzyme supplementation, and collection period and their interaction as fixed effects. Relative to mid gestation, serum malondialdehyde concentrations were greater in late gestation (5.53 vs. 7.52 μmol/mL; Period P = 0.015), and a similar effect was observed for plasma TAC (5.81 vs. 6.59 mmol/L; Period P = 0.008). Sows fed SF tended to have increased circulating Interleukin (IL)-10 (4.97 vs. 8.59 ng/mL; Fiber P = 0.096) and had increased serum IL-6 (0.65 vs. 1.40 ng/mL; Fiber P = 0.032). Multicarbohydrase supplementation decreased serum IL-4 (17.97 vs. 9.67 ng/mL; Enzyme P = 0.012). Irrespective of collection period, multicarbohydrase supplementation increased Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-stimulating factor in sows fed IF but reduced it in those fed SF (220, 430, 550, 260 pg/mL for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+, respectively; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.042). Sows fed SF+ had increased serum IL-1 receptor antagonist (2.12, 2.20, 2.69, 4.18 ng/ml for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+, respectively; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.035), and IL-2 (1.53, 1.67, 1.64, 2.89 ng/mL for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.042). In the presence of IF, multicarbohydrases increased serum LBP, but not when supplemented with SF (9.68, 10.90, 10.02, 9.68 ng/mL for IF-, IF+, SF-, and SF+, respectively; Fiber×Enzyme P = 0.028). Circulating IL-8 (0.24 vs. 0.10 ng/mL) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (1.26 vs. 0.60 ng/ml) were reduced in sows fed multicarbohydrases (Enzyme P < 0.05). Collectively, supplementing multicarbohydrases may reduce systemic endotoxin and inflammatory pressures throughout gestation, but mechanisms are unique to dietary fiber type.