147 - Cross-Talk between Two Antioxidants, Thioredoxin Reductase 1 and Heme Oxygenase-1 and Therapeutic Implications in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract

The intensification of agricultural management has caused some weed species to become rare in arable farming systems. It is difficult to disentangle which management practices are the least harmful for the conservation of rare arable weeds because of their sparse presence. In this research, we overcame the limitations of previous analyses of rare weeds by analyzing them in a large number of plots (1957) at the edges of multiple organic fields (304), which maximized the probability of detecting these species. We evaluated the relationships between farming practices and local site conditions and the presence of rare arable species that are characteristic of cereal fields.We detected 46 of the 65 rare weeds that are known to inhabit the study area, but their frequency was very low. Cereal crops, either alone or in mixtures with legumes, enhanced the probability of finding rare weed species, while fertilization had a detrimental effect. Other management practices that were considered had no effect on the presence of rare arable weeds. However, selected rare species tended to fare better under particular local conditions and to be favored by specific management practices. In contrast, a significant amount of the variance of the rare weed presence was explained by farm-related and field-related random factors. Thus, the occurrence of rare arable species is apparently determined by stochastic factors that may be related to the local species pool that likely depends on the history of fields and farms. Therefore, conservation efforts should be focused on areas currently inhabited by rare arable species.