#1442 Retrospective evaluation of etiology, clinical and laboratory findings in patients diagnosed with secondary and genetic FSGS

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a glomerulonephritis characterized by segmental sclerosis in at least one of the glomeruli and may develop due to primary, secondary, genetic etiology. We compared clinical, histopathological, and laboratory findings, treatment options, and response to treatment in patients with secondary and genetic FSGS. Method This study analyzed 172 patients with secondary and genetic FSGS at our Glomerular Diseases Clinic (1987-2022). Criteria included at least 16 weeks of follow-up, absence of other primary glomerular diseases, and age over 18. Retrospective data were collected on demographics, diagnosis, renal biopsies, genetic tests, imaging, treatments, treatment responses, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development, and transplantation. The focus was on predicting genetic FSGS and ESRD. Results 103 of our patients were female (59.8%), and the mean age at diagnosis was 38.46 ± 13.75 years. Of these patients, 29 were diagnosed with genetic FSGS and 141 with non-genetic secondary FSGS. Forty-one patients with non-genetic secondary FSGS were obese, and 21 had a single kidney. The patients had a median follow-up of 78 (38-134) months. 28 patients developed ESRD during follow-up, 16 of whom underwent renal transplantation. Familial renal disease (p < 0.001), familial ESRD (p < 0.001), and hematuria at diagnosis (p = 0.005) were more common in patients with genetic FSGS. Comparison of genetic FSGS and non-genetic secondary FSGS patients shown in Figure 1. The number of glomeruli with global sclerosis (p = 0.006) and C3 accumulation (p = 0.048) on renal biopsy was more frequent in patients with ESRD. Comparison of ESRD and non-ESRD patients are shown in Figure 2. Conclusion Differentiating genetic and non-genetic secondary FSGS is vital in clinical practice. For those with a family history of renal disease, hematuria, or unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy, consider genetic FSGS and request genetic testing. Patients with secondary FSGS, diagnosed with high creatinine, a substantial presence of sclerosing glomeruli on biopsy, and C3 accumulation, should be closely monitored for ESRD.